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+ Q: K# Q2 _. h Q! X9 ^Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网. T2 I% x/ c5 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。% w6 g9 Q7 W# S9 l6 _
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- F9 v( N4 \9 f$ `2 w, U9 o3 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( P3 C% G) ]) ?& H; E6 m. G
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% O1 m! V# ?4 s% g% _2 ^) \5 a9 i+ g$ k/ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：! C; s4 z/ Y& f& imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 L6 R" D. F9 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：4 @) F2 s& v9 [; l' j# @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 v2 b% Q( D- d+ e! Mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;3 G8 a7 z2 A* s
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。8 }( r$ ]3 @3 C/ }; p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：$ a6 p( r7 C- a7 f3 X6 ?8 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ c9 M6 r) T" V+ z- a9 Ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
8 e- \ v, h3 B& Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。( R6 b ~3 h8 D
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% {; B/ \# _* ?, C* _mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：5 p% y0 @/ k" u8 Q- y& V3 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 {1 J# L: I2 f) o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ z! h' X2 c0 n# e% } u) x7 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, J; c+ u4 X' m% Q' Vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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6 ?# y5 G( H+ |* ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 _* f6 C) f- v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。- f5 }# [# B9 O$ S
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& A; d5 G' `) a \mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：+ T) I1 i5 q4 U10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" z7 L( Y: M2 e
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( i) T. z5 C* P( D; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。( Q W1 f J5 c- n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' F' R1 f0 R9 p, v- u7 C9 K8 D( _; v e
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2 E; [. J% s/ [$ C* Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% O' r. I! u) }, n7 n
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: | `2 c, g- n) kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。3 _ D& _- T+ E" |# ]6 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ T" d8 _3 g/ r1 A/ A0 o; n* u
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; w; i: k( q! l# B$ S, j( Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢/ @) I* ?5 q! N" _: H8 U$ r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：- K" h8 W$ h8 Q* `) o) |2 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"; N {; `0 z9 S) t6 I7 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 H+ R1 \. s" ?" b' m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。4 j$ J1 L* [$ S5 `+ T& S% T$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是: t& |/ W. A! N' ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 E$ S+ E9 K9 \0 O. Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 P; G' B* w1 G" N8 F2 b% Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, q N0 |' u F, X- B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. n/ U( u. y- a! _3 o R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得, L+ ^" W, O8 e5 d9 u- P$ b2 Y
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% D: F) o6 B7 D' l+ G, k/ z8 J# Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲! v" d# [* k& m
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3 ]8 o/ K) t, j4 b1 |! F, ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，' ^ F8 ]" G$ ?$ I! s8 _9 s/ k8 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! v( q6 ]/ p# x9 V9 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 P v/ ?9 z& K5 \+ a* u3 c4 \6 K9 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。( W |4 |: S6 F( h. ^. w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。. w2 }6 X. m" {
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4 Z' _, V2 o) @9 B$ N8 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。* x% @& R! K8 {, k4 k4 K% K8 X$ [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：) b" y5 N7 p: J1 v1 b c
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6 l3 u' e: |" H1 M: \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义$ F' b+ a+ I' u$ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# M; H; y; P- T# l6 K! MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！$ Z3 X! }& J( _0 u( a$ k. m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。! u; U- A5 L3 {* }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述$ ?+ V0 [! k1 y$ c* O& Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">2, a! P) g( F" i+ Z& n2 |' a n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, [* U; F: ^# ` e
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# x2 U6 M! ~ c$ {! n$ _' d( GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。. n! V. ]) N* I& ?* c0 ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。7 ]- T! g$ G$ W8 P0 ^& S7 ^/ k' Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. p. r9 e; X# M! yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# b6 Z0 i' Q: Y: `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 \: O, V! A( V( i6 u; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 W7 a) G& ^ D! d* O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( I, K1 N9 B0 K8 b" x: g+ Q, _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 C: _' Q( f# N3 w/ g9 k. f) w
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+ j& r0 P9 v0 }* Q2 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。" {0 Q/ V, R9 `8 G$ f, i( E
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6 F5 t! D7 u# Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个4 K' g" B: C' K! y$ i, g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬, U L. w. M6 ^/ i7 `( O6 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# _+ I% s$ M! c) [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为' W- c8 Y; n& l: v( R5 |. Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 B) c' I& N. x8 r$ t& o5 @
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M) ~6 c. t& h6 r' A I pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。/ I; o, O6 b. B/ X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的* T- h4 ?, I! f1 {9 r, rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) h: D6 m9 k: F! ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思9 v- j4 u8 j b$ D9 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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