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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： + ?5 \% z p6 p1 @3 g. l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) S# W x5 J8 W) W1 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">18 ~# j0 @0 K+ n
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8 }: y) A: |9 j% q3 t4 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 K' I- ]" x& \! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">". [7 C* c3 o$ h; j# Wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;: R: T; i' f& S( E; W# K0 Q
mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。9 y8 x8 e8 ~* t. W2 R4 t% P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。: R4 I# e. v p+ {8 n# h
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9 X7 J: Y- \2 M; Umso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：) a3 E" C" o1 E7 V7 A10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# }! v: G# U+ Q7 T( nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
! j0 @+ o0 `: N/ g$ e! G. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。) p1 @! c7 a4 z/ I* \2 d
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* y+ z! W2 J/ t5 k1 {" H ^& l2 Y4 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？5 p% t! {. A" Y9 P; ccolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 h& h1 M1 V- x( V/ e5 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. C0 y2 S$ x+ Y( wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; C& P" R5 b$ k# H' C6 q: o: B
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# h$ f& e5 s; G& aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服) p5 t/ k/ t# d6 J' r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢$ i0 _4 |1 `7 \6 k) g; D" Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 R0 q4 _4 X: cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 N$ t: Z. v* q7 p# q6 H
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! ^, U! T5 i1 c# q" W* p, p' Y Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的" R& x# S. F% ^1 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。0 v% _! n8 m1 d* x5 k4 O$ Z0 O7 o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新- J! e$ }6 K8 y0 W( {1 q. B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白. F9 H5 F: k) r) }8 P& H# Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学9 [5 ?" u4 s( f' [! q% o" N* |
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& u0 X$ V) O" B+ _9 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么4 M3 D) x3 f6 O) G+ r% ^
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9 f* p' l; @4 l! o/ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？, u) C3 G7 C- Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# M$ A6 i1 ?0 f) P. ^" jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 i1 X; C4 ~8 d4 ^9 p% o8 p# N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。0 n/ `1 d# T! Y. v4 w0pt"> * {: w9 N9 k6 T7 D' `! z2 ITahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;0 \# m( F- D t# A K: F
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”5 d$ g2 f( H/ e, \2 _
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5 ^8 Z1 s1 d- A' }. K( P# gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说( H7 B1 A% x, P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。$ r: I- u4 H9 r3 i9 W rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% f. P$ Y3 @" [7 j3 ]- ]6 P" _' k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善 S6 i: A" X! Y) O. W% Y. d& ?mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 \ _/ i" U$ M. B0 o0 ~0 ]3 Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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- `5 |' C( L" I8 \9 J' G/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊 h' [, Y- H) F7 C2 m3 [4 G! ^& s
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4 r! H. c) \; B: Y+ b* i! K/ oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚& H( Z/ \+ O0 T. t0 z* m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！$ P$ _9 C g F, Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 k) T. a" F# g, XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假% C* L8 F( E: a
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% [! u, |) Q6 @) D: KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是 B$ P2 @2 |. `7 [. b
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8 n- F. N7 f h* y/ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题# j, A6 |2 D+ _ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% a) N' F0 o8 b- Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ i6 A$ s5 H" a8 T4 u. \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。& r# t1 z- d" Z6 E5 O) O$ [+ Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴0 V; S. I' C; g, h4 u8 W
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" J- h; }' i/ G- q" @; mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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